There are two root causes of fine lines and wrinkles:

Loss of collagen & elastin

• This loss is a natural evolution of skin as we age but is significantly accelerated by oxidative processes such as sun exposure and exposure to cigarette smoke.
• New technology is now available to start your skin to rebuild collagen and elastin and fill-in these fine lines and wrinkles using your natural skin processes.
• Advanced laser and other techniques are also available to reverse fine lines and wrinkles.

Repeated muscle contractions

• This type of wrinkle is due to the repetitive muscular movement of your skin.
• This type of wrinkle can only be resolved when the muscle activity is slowed down.
• This is usually done through the use of Botox®, although the use of lasers, peels, and other techniques will help. Your Skinprint will help to determine which is the best way for you to proceed

Tone means color variations in skin.

Tonal issues can have many root causes:

Hyper pigmentation (dark spots on the skin).

• Sun damage, which is damage to DNA, can be a cause.
• Conditions such as melasma (symmetrical dark map-like patches on the face) can be present.
• Natural genetic melanin banding patterns can be a significant source of tonal irregularities in skin.

Irritation responses in skin can cause intermittent redness.

• A histamine reaction can take place in the skin as a result from the environment or a topical product application.
• More complex issues such as rosacea which can have many contributing factors which need careful diagnosis.
• Excessive bacterial presence on skin can lead to site-specific red patches on skin.